Fes

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Brief overview: location, population, significance, what makes it notable in your world

History

Pre-digital era

Once a major city in pre-Collapse Morocco, Fes—then home to over a million inhabitants—was nestled northwest of the Atlas Mountains, its ancient heart straddling the Fez River. Known in its time as both the "Mecca of the West" and the "Athens of Africa," it held the title of Morocco’s spiritual and cultural capital.

Founded during the 8th–9th centuries under Idrisid rule, Fes emerged from the unification of rival Arab settlements shaped by early migrations from Ifriqiya and al-Andalus. The Almoravids later consolidated these into Fes el-Bali, nurturing a center of religious scholarship and trade. The Marinid dynasty brought the city to its medieval height, constructing enduring madrasas, mosques, and the royal district of Fes Jdid—complete with palaces, gardens, and the Jewish Mellah.

By the 20th century, Fes was a tripartite city: the old medinas of Fes el-Bali and Fes Jdid, and the Ville Nouvelle, a colonial-era expansion. Its historic core, largely preserved through shifting regimes and global designations, included landmarks like the University of al-Qarawiyyin—the world’s oldest continuous institution of higher learning—and the Chouara Tannery, operational since the 11th century.